Extraído do site : http://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/25/world/asia/asian-schools-jump-in-rank.html?ref=internationaleducation&_r=0
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By CHRISTOPHER F. SCHUETZE
Published: October 24, 2012
When Christoph Kramer of Germany surveyed
the field of universities offering undergraduate business programs, he focused
on their locations as much as on their academic programs.
“China is
always in the media; everyone says it is the future,” he said by telephone from
Düsseldorf. So he enrolled in a three-year program at the Hong Kong University of
Science and Technology, because he thought it would be a
culturally enriching experience.
According
to a recent study on graduate employability, Mr. Kramer’s H.K.U.S.T. degree
puts him ahead of business graduates from many well-known Western universities.
The
2012 Global Employability Survey, which is being released exclusively in the
International Herald Tribune, characterized the ideal young candidate on the
basis of skills, personal qualities and the schools they attended. The study, a
collaboration of Emerging, a French consulting firm, and Trendence,a
German research institute specializing in recruitment, asked hundreds of
companies what they looked for when hiring recent graduates, regardless of
their course of study.
The
study also asked employers what universities produced the ideal young
graduates.
In
terms of desirable schools, U.S. and British universities retained their
commanding lead. The list is dominated by the same names that top most
rankings: Harvard, Yale, Cambridge, Oxford, Stanford, M.I.T., Columbia,
Princeton and Imperial College London, withGoethe-University
Frankfurt am Main rounding out the top 10.
But
Asian schools are also emerging. The most striking finding this year is the
growth in the reputations of universities in China.
Just
outside the top 10 is Peking University, which leapt to No. 11
from No. 109 in just one year.
This
year, four mainland Chinese universities made the top 100, as opposed to only
two last year. Shanghai
Jiao Tong University went to No. 44 from No. 139.
Meanwhile,
H.K.U.S.T., where Mr. Kramer recently graduated, jumped to No. 46 from No. 94.
The
only Indian institution to make the list both last year and this year, the Indian Institute
of Science in Bangalore, rose to No. 35 from No. 134.
The
fact that top Asian universities are being held in higher esteem is both a
reflection on their success in preparing students for the global work force and
the realization among employers that students trained in Asia are better
equipped to work there.
“A lot
of employers are looking for global players,” said Tony Chan, H.K.U.S.T.’s
president.
Dr.
Chan attributes part of his institution’s success to the fact that it bridges
the gap between China and the rest of world.
“China
being the second-largest economy in the world is a huge factor,” he said by
telephone from Hong
Kong. His institution’s strength, he explained, lies in building
bridges between different business cultures and languages.
“We
are one of the most international universities in China,” he said. “We hope to
train graduates that know both East and West.”
Guy
Breton, rector of the Université de Montreal, also attributed
his institution’s position in the global ranking — No. 30 in the recent study,
up from No. 46 in 2011 — to a successful combination of several cultures.
“We
teach in French; we are the most European of the North American universities,
and I think that is of added value to employers,” he said by telephone.
According
to Dr. Breton, Montreal’s multiculturalism and multilingualism contribute to
his university’s openness and worldliness, something global employers are
increasingly seeking.
“We
are exposed to the international reality,” he said.
The
Emerging/Trendence survey was conducted in two waves. Initially, 2,500
recruiters in 20 countries were asked to complete a personalized online survey
designed to characterize the ideal new graduate.
Several
months later, more questions were asked of top recruiters from 10 countries
deemed to be active employers. Those supplementary interviews resulted in the
list of the top 150 global institutions in terms of graduate employability.
In
ranking the importance of second languages, aside from English, recruiters
responded that they appreciated Chinese, French, Spanish, German, Japanese,
Arabic, Italian, Russian and Portuguese, in that order.
Global
recruiters also listed the countries that produced the best graduates: the
United Kingdom, the United States, Germany, Japan, Canada, India, China, France,
Australia and Switzerland.
The
quality portion of the survey found that international recruiters appreciated
soft skills like adaptability, communications and the “ability to work in a
team,” more than leadership qualities or “the ability to work under pressure.”
Steffen
Laick, a top recruiter at Ernst & Young, the accounting firm, agreed that
the ability to work with a team was important. Besides a strong and focused
academic record, he also looked at extracurricular activities.
“Not
everyone can have been a volunteer firefighter,” he said by telephone. Showing
recruiters that you have done something more than just fixated on studies is
very important, he said.
The
universities also mattered, he said, because there might not be much more for
recruiters to go on when the candidate is quite young and lacking in work
experience.
Many
well-known universities have partnerships with global recruiters, which can
help graduates in their applications and interviews. In other cases,
universities have alumni networks that put recent graduates ahead of
competitors from lesser-known schools.
Not
all emerging economies contributed to the top universities in terms of their
attractiveness to employers, the survey found. Universities in Brazil, Russia
and the Spanish-speaking countries of the Americas, for example, did not do as
well in the rankings as Asian schools.
Brazil,
which has the sixth-largest economy in the world, had only Fundação Getulio
Vargas, at No. 95, and the Universidade de São Paulo, at No. 112.
The
study also lists two Mexican universities — Tecnológico de Monterrey and Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México — at 110 and 113, respectively, but no other
Latin American universities were represented.
“It is
surprising that Brazil and Mexico, that have really good universities, are low
on the list; they are still too focused on American universities,” Sandrine
Belloc of Emerging, the company that designed the study, said about recruiters
in those countries.
Russia’s
only contribution to the list is Moscow State University , in 150th place.
Mr.
Kramer, after graduating from his global business program this year, found a
job with the
Boston Consulting Group in his hometown in Germany.
Having a Chinese degree did not raise
eyebrows in his German job interviews. “I was looking for a job in an
international consultancy, so it was probably fairly common,” he said.
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